Mordant.



MED S S tIATENT ()FFICE.

WlORDANT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 22, 1:205.

Application filed June 6, 1904. Serial No. 211,401.

'1'!) all whom it may cmwcrn:

Be it known that I, Gnoncn hlCCLELLAN LAWTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at l/Vorces ter, in the county of forcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Dyeing Compositions, of which the following is a specification.

My invention pertains to dyeing, and contemplates the provision of an. advantageous fastener or mordant for use in connection with the mordant constituting the subjectmatter of my contentiporary application filed January 4, 1904, Serial. N 0. 187,693, and the developer forming the subject-matter of my contemporary application of even date herewith.

At times in the practice of finishing accidents to machinery and other causes necessitate leaving the materials being finished in the various baths or else in a wet state for an undue period, and frequently materials having different shades and colors especially black and White, are laid together. In consequence of this the colors usuallyrun together, stain, and change the shades desired, and thereby occasion considerable loss.

My invention has for its object to provide means for effectually preventing the black in dyed materials from running into or staining other colors or shades when the materials are left in the baths or are laid together in a wet state. V

In carrying out my invention I follow the ordinary well-known process of dyeing, with the exception that I add a peculiar acid to the mordant and a peculiar developer and a peculiar fastener or mordant to the finishingbath. The developer is so termed because it is designed to bring out the shade, while the fastener or mordant constituting the subject-matter of this application is so denominated because its purpose is to set or fasten. the shade.

To produce a permanent and stainless logwood black, I employ the mordant constituting the subject matter of my application filed January 4, 1.904, which mordant consists of bichromate of potash, oxalic acid, and my peculiar acid. These ingredients are combined in the proper proportions to give the shade desired, and the composition is boiled for about one and one-half hours.

My peculiar acid just mentioned is in the form of a liquid and is composed of water, some suitable substance containing glutin,

either cream of tartar or tartaric acid, or both, bichromate of soda, bicarbonate of soda, nitrate of sod a, oxalic acid, pyroligneous acid, nitrate of iron, and sulfuric acid. The proportions of these ingredients may obviously be varied according to the depth of shades required.

The finishing-bath employed composed of chip or extract of logwood, other dyes to give the desired cast of shade, and my peculiar developer. These ingredients are varied to give the shade desired. The said finishing-bath is boiled for about one and one-half hours, and to it my peculiar fastener or mordant, which forms the subject-matter of the present application, is added.

My novel developer incorporated in the finishing-bath is composed of bicarbonate of soda, ground sumac, ground nut-galls, ground orange or lemon flavine, and ground fullers earth. The said developer is in the form of a powder, and the proportions of its ingredients are varied to suit the wishes of the user.

The fastener or mordant which is added to the finishing-bath is a liquid, is boiled for about forty-live minutes, and is composed of water, sulfate of iron, pyrolignate of iron, and nitrate of iron, combined, in suitable proportions.

The acid iron nitrate when added to the ferrous sulfate changes a part of the ferrous sulfate to ferric sulfate, and on the addition of pyrolignate of iron solution there is formed ferrous ferric acetate and the ferrous ferric salts of the homologues of acetic acid, as formic, proprionic, and butyric acids; also, the iron salts of the phenols. When the ferrous sulfate, acid iron nitrate, and pyrolignate of iron are added to a neutral or nearly neutral dye-bath, there is thrown down a precipitate containing the basic ferrous ferric acetate, the basic ferrous ferric formate, the basic ferrous ferric pro prionate, the basic ferrous ferric butyrate, and in the dye-bath there are the iron salts of the phenols, more or less acetone, and furfurol. All of these play a part in the dyeing process that then takes place in the bath, with the result that the material dyed is calculated to effectually resist the action of the suns rays-i. 0., is not liable to be faded when exposed to the sun.

The nitrate of iron which I use is the trade co1npound-i.c., commercial nitrate of iron-while the sulfate of iron is a salt formed from sulfuric acid and iron scraps.

Experience has demonstrated that when my novel acid developer and fastener are employed there is no liability of the colors of the materials dyed running together or becoming stained or changed in shade when the materials are left in the baths for an undue period or are laid together in a damp or wet state. Experience has also demonstrated that materials dyed in accordance with my inven tion have an absolute fast color and one calculated to withstand the strongest sunlight.

I have entered into a detailed description of the preferred embodiment of my invention in order to impart a full, clear, and exact understanding of the same. I do not desire,

however, to be understood as limiting myself to any specific proportions of ingredients, as such proportions may be varied and such other changes may be made in practice as fairly fall within the scope of my invention 

